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Female Bodybuilding: Nutrition, Muscle Growth, and Body Fat

So, what goals should women have for muscle growth and body fat as they go through a periodized training program? The answers are not obvious. Nancy and I debate the issues.

Bodybuilding | Diet | Men vs Women | Nancy Arnold | Periodization

2006-06-09-BodyfatIn this 14 minute podcast (Quicktime, 26.3 MB; Google Video, no download), Nancy Arnold and I (Bud) discuss at length the role of nutrition during the hypertrophy mesocycle of our new periodization training program. The motivations for this discussion were many. As Nancy was going through the preparations for her last show, all she did was cut calories to gain definition. Her diet guru, Kevin, discussed at length the difficulties of getting women to lose weight, and women in fitness competitions consider diet to be 80% of the preparation. The goals for controlling weight are well-defined, but there is much less emphasis on how to effectively gain weight as is required in the hypertrophy phase.

The emphasis on body fat control is heightened by the recommendation in our periodization book, Serious Strength Training, that men target a body fat percentage of 10% as they attempt to gain muscle. On my blog, Michigan Muscle Boy, male lifters expressed that this goal would be hard for them to attain. Well, what's the recommendation for women? Particularly in light of the fact that women's essential body fat is typically considered to be around 12% or above. Below that level, menstruation stops and general health is at risk. For competitions, top-end women bodybuilders target in the 6–10% range, in other words below essential body fat. In the long run, as Nancy and I remark, that level is not sustainable.

However, Nancy is willing to dip down there for competitions largely because she does not view it as putting her too at risk.

In the second half of the conversation, we return to the question of how much weight to gain. As Chris Dorr points out in a discussion on Michigan Muscle Boy, if you weigh more, you can lift more, and that's what hypertrophy is all about. Nancy mentions that she would like to gain 5 lbs. of muscle in a given year. I suggest that is a bit light. But again, how high can a woman go in a year? Most men, with the right training regimen, could easily do 10 lbs or more in a year. But, men have testosterone. As of this conversation, it was unclear what was a good target for women.

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Comments (4)

So the questions remain!! Interesting article by Dr. Weil regarding body fat percentages. According to that my goal of staying at 15-16% bodyfat is achievable, however, will it serve me well during the hypertrophy phase?

Nancy, I suspect we could do it as follows. The lowest men hit for a competition is 3%. 10% is seven above that. If women hit 10% then 17% would be reasonable. The goal seems to be to stay within the athletic morph for your sex. Make any sense?

john:

nancy,

hi its been awhile. first of all grats on the awesome result!

.....IMHO, next level is an extra 5-6lbs of extra muscle at contest time on upper back/shoulder width and some hamstrings. This will help with your symmetry relative to your height.

for that you'd need to gain around 16-18lbs (a little over half will be fat and ~2lb muscle lost during contest prep).

that seems realistic over the course of 12 months. (+0.3 to 0.4lbs per week in bodymass).

At such a modest rate of gain I dont see much of a need to stay within a particular bodyfat measure; you need the gains and as a natural its not like we have much control over our setpoints :)

take it easy.

john

John, Interesting point about the amount of weight gain. Nancy and I calculated on the phone yesterday based on the idea of going no more than 30% over ideal contest weight and hit just about your numbers.

I will remark that, based on my experience with Nancy, body fat is a different animal for women. She had a tremendously hard time shedding fat for this last contest.

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